The Irish Shape of the White House A Look at Leinster

Homosexuality in Ancient Greece and Rome Essay example

Homosexuality in ancient Greece and Rome Americans endlessly recycle the old conflicts: first we fought about slavery, then segregation, then gender, and now sexual orientation-(Anon). Homosexuality is an on-going conflict in America, as well as other countries. The history of homosexuality goes back to the ancient civilizations. As we have different ideas and ways of dealing with it, so did the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. Ancient Greece is considered as being the most accepting of homosexuality. The belief that the human body was worthy of respect and admiration is one of the reasons that homosexuality was tolerated and often accepted in society. They did not see it as an evil thing because†¦show more content†¦Homosexual conduct between a teacher and a student was considered a valuable part of the education process. Since the children were taken care of mostly by the government, it was important to establish a lasting relationship with someone that would teach you how to become a young m an. The military supported homosexuality, as they thought that one would fight harder to protect his unit if he had a lover or multiple lovers in the same unit. It was also believed to bring about a sense of comradeship. Similarly, the Greek attitude toward sex was, for the most part, value-neutral... And though exclusive homosexuality was probably discouraged as a threat to the family, it was widely tolerated both for older men who had children and for younger men prior to marriage.-(Blumenfeld and Raymond 1988. 155) Yet, as time went on, people who performed homosexual acts were considered polluted and to have become like women, and were therefore expelled from the military. The Greeks had double standards. Even though they recognized passion and attraction towards the same sex, those who were not attracted to women were not tolerated. Therefore, if a man was homosexual, he had to already have a wife and children. These double standards came from the fact that the society had to r eproduce in order to survive. Homosexuality was only tolerated if both of the men have already established a family and met their obligations to reproduce. Social status was alsoShow MoreRelatedIb Latin Internal Assessment875 Words   |  4 Pageshomosexual stigma always prevalent in history? Over two thousand years ago, the ancient Roman state ruled most of the known world. During those five hundred years, emperors rose to power and fell, a republic formed and was destroyed but what perhaps is one the most important aspects of Roman society is free love. Homosexuality was not considered different nor was it considered an atrocity in the common roman man. In Rome, there was no special attention given to homosexuals or heterosexuals for thatRead MoreHistorical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality907 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical and scientific perspectives on homosexuality In contemporary Western culture, choices about romantic love and sexuality are a critical aspect of individual self-definition. Whether someone is homosexual or heterosexual is thus also considered to be a crucial aspect of who he or she is as a human being. In previous eras, where individuals were married young, and entered into arranged marriages, this was not the case. Although people had same-sex desire, this desire was enjoyed outsideRead MoreMarriage: A Right For All Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesfollow â€Å"Gender Norms† and growing to be better rounded emotionally. Aside from concerned people over children’s wellbeing, religious groups from across the world have also proposed questions and warnings regarding homosexuality. Religious lead groups have brought charges against homosexuality, not in whether homosexuals should have marriage rights or parental rights, but the right to exist at all. Following religious edicts instead of scientific facts or studies, many Christian groups refute evidenceRead MoreEssay about Homosexuality Is a Mental Illness 1922 Words   |  8 PagesHomosexuality Is a Mental Illness The history of gay or same sex marriages has been long in the whole world. Most of the western societies in the early time tolerated it. Astonishingly, they went to an extent of celebrating the same sex relationships and marriages. In ancient Rome, there are evidences of the same sex marriages but their proof is not clear. Same sex marriages can also be traced in medieval Europe and also the ancient Greece. There are also some other proofs of gay marriagesRead MoreSexual Identity1409 Words   |  6 Pagesmy opinions of numerous opinions. For example, in Ancient Greece was common and acceptable for men to have sexual relationships with adolescent boys. Homosexuality was more acceptable, and the historic perspective encouraged homosexuals to practice freely. This historical perspective has been a motivator to homosexuals to actually come out and admit they are gay. I believe if homosexuals referred only to the historical perspective of Ancient Greece, then adjusting to the homosexual way of life wouldRead MoreThe Roman Empire: What Went Wrong?1253 Words   |  6 PagesCLSC 300I The Roman Empire: What went wrong? Rome was founded as a small farming town in 753 BC. It grew to a vast empire that enveloped the whole Mediterranean Sea. It spanned from the western shores of what is now Portugal, to as far as the modern day Persian Gulf to the east. It remained as the world’s largest and most powerful empire in the ancient world for about 1100 years. But by 476 AD, the stress of war and the multiple sackings of Rome proved too much for the once mighty empire. ThereRead MoreClassical Greek Period The Anactoria Poem Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pageswillingly left her husband, child, parents, and home for what she thought was beautiful- another man. It interests me because I always believed that Helen of Troy was kidnapped. Historical Context B1. The Classical Period of Greece lasted from 480 BCE to 323 BCE. (History of Greece, 2017). The first democracy, where people ruled the people was already established and flourishing at the time. (The Classical Tradition, 2017) The Classical Period began approximately at the start of Persian Wars and endingRead MoreTwo Sides Of The Same Coin. The Struggle Of Old World Blues.1143 Words   |  5 Pagesof history somewhere around no matter how insignificant. In feudal Japan as well as ancient Rome and Greece homosexuality was more open same with transgender. In many plays, they had all male cast members even having males play female role even if there was a love scene with sex, they would commit to the scene. It is known that in ancient Rome the slaves were treated as family and even for some lovers, for Greece some philosophers had relations with their students and in japan samurai would engageRead MoreSexual Orientation3686 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Homosexuality is defined or characterized as attraction towards the same gender either male or female. It came from the Greek language, where â€Å"homo† means the same or similar, hence referring to the attraction between two beings of the same sex. Homosexuality is also referred as a clinical term. Most male homosexuals generally prefer to be called gay men and most homosexual women generally prefer to be called lesbians. Homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexualRead MoreThe Perception of Human Sexuality throughout History1030 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature, social norms, and laws. Unlike twenty-first century America, ancient Greece viewed human sexuality depending on the person’s control on their sexual impulses. Bisexuality was very accepted and the most widespread same – sex relation was between an adult man and a pubescent boy. This relationship was usually just for sexual pleasure, than an actual emotional committed relationship. Like mentioned before ancient Greeks did not believe in sexual orientation rather, it depended whether the

Depreciation Methods Free Essays

Depreciation Methods Depreciation is the accounting process of allocating the cost of tangible assets to expense in a systematic and rational manner to those periods expected to benefit from the use of the asset. Factors Involved in the Depreciation Process 1. What depreciable base is to be used for the asset? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Depreciation Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is the asset’s useful life? 3. What method of cost apportionment is best for the asset? Depreciable Base for the Asset The base established for depreciation is a function of two factors: the original cost, and the salvage or disposal value. Salvage value is the estimated amount that the company will receive when it sell the asset or removes it from service. It is the amount to which the company writes down or depreciates the asset during its useful life. Example: An asset is purchased for $10,000. The company believes that it has a salvage value of $1,000. Original cost $10,000 Less: Salvage value 1,000 Depreciation base$ 9,000 Methods of Depreciation The accounting profession requires that the depreciation method employed be â€Å"systematic and rational. † The following are examples of depreciation methods: 1. Activity method (units of use or production) . Straight-line method 3. Decreasing charge methods (accelerated): a. Sum-of-the-years’ digits b. Declining-balance method The following information will be used to illustrate each of the above methods: Stanley Coal Mines recently purchased an additional crane for digging purposes. Cost of crane$500,000 Estimated useful life5 years Estimated salvage valu e$50,000 Productive life in hours30,000 hours Activity Method The activity method (also called the variable-charge or units-of-production approach) assumes that depreciation is a function of use or productivity, instead of the passage of time. A company considers the life of the asset in terms of either the output if provides (units it produces), or an input measure such as number of hours it works. The crane Stanley purchased poses no particular depreciation problem. Stanley can measure the usage (hours) relatively easily. If Stanley uses the crane for 4,000 hours the first year, the depreciation charge is: (Cost less salvage value) X hours this year Total estimated hours ($500,000 – $50,000) X 4,000 30,000 = $60,000 Straight-Line Method The straight-line method considers depreciation a function of time rather than a function of usage. Companies widely use this method because of its simplicity. The straight-line procedure is often the most conceptually appropriate, too. Stanley computes the depreciation charge for the crane as follows: Cost less salvage Estimated service life $500,000-$50,000 5 =$90,000 Sum-of-the-Years’-Digits The sum-of-the-years’-digits method results in a decreasing depreciation charge based on a decreasing fraction of depreciable cost (original cost less salvage value). Each fraction uses the sum of the years as a denominator (5+4+3+2+1=15). The numerator is the number of years of estimated life remaining as of the beginning of the year. In this method, the numerator decreases year by year, and the denominator remains constant. At the end of the useful life, the balance remaining should equal the salvage value. YearDepreciation BaseRemaining life in yearsDepreciation FractionDepreciation ExpenseBook Value, End of Year 1$450,00055/15$150,000$350,000 2$450,00044/15$120,000$230,000 3$450,00033/15$90,000$140,000 4$450,00022/15$60,000$80,000 $450,00011/15$30,000$50,000 Totals:1515/15$450,000 For assets that have a long life span, the following formula can be used to determine the denominator: n(n+1) 2 For example, if an asset has a useful life of 51 years, you would calculate the denominator: 51(51+1) 2 =1,326 YearDepreciation BaseRemaining life in yearsDepreciation FractionDepreciation ExpenseBook Value, End of Year 1$450,0005151/1,326$17,308$482,692 2$ 450,0005050/1,326$16,968$465,724 3$450,0004949/1,326$16,629$449,095 4$450,0004848/1,326$16,290$432,805 5$450,0004747/1,326$15,950$416,855 Etc†¦ Declining-Balance Method The declining-balance method utilizes a depreciation rate (expressed as a percentage) that is some multiple of the straight-line method. For example, the double-declining rate for a 10-year asset is 20 percent (double the straight-line rate, which is 1/10 or 10 percent). Unlike other methods, the declining-balance method does not deduct the salvage value in computing the depreciation base. For example, if Stanley chose to use the double-declining-balance method, the crane would depreciate at twice the rate of the straight-line rate. See below: YearBook Value of Asset First YearRate on Declining Balance (a)Depreciation ExpenseBalance Accumulated DepreciationBook Value, End of Year 1$500,00040%$200,000$200,000$300,000 2$300,00040%$120,000$320,000$180,000 3$180,00040%$72,000$392,000$108,000 4$108,00040%$43,200$435,000$64,800 5$64,80040%$14,800 (b)$450,000$50,000 (a)Based on twice the straight-line rate of 20% ($90,000/$450,000 = 20%; 20% X 2 = 40%) (b)Limited to $14,800 because the book value should not be less than the salvage value. How to cite Depreciation Methods, Papers

Impact of Globalization on Value Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Globalization on Value Chain Management. Answer: Introduction In this report we will study the various impacts of globalization on the supply chain management. In other words, it shows the configuration of the company by bringing advancement in the same. there are various types of impact that can be created on the supply chain management due to the process of globalization that are the considerations related to the competitive advantage, financial considerations to the company, technological, cultural, political, economic, and corporate social responsibilities considerations. The supply chain has various types of drivers like production, location, inventory, information and transportation. Globalization refers to the changes that take place in the economy due to the integration of the world economy with the domestic economy. Globalisation leads in open trade for all the companies who want to start their ventures into the other countries. It helps the global economy to strengthen the communication, relations, trade, business relations, etc. between the different countries of the global economy. It helps in improvement in the quality of work. Globalization has a huge influence on the process of supply chain management as it impacts each and every stage of the same. Globalization is challenging the business organization as it resulting in creating issues in the supply chin management of the companies. it has both pros and cons that we will discuss in this study the pros are that the companies can have multi dimensional resources, less restrictions of tariffs and other taxes, easy access to the global markets, better learning, etc. on the other hand globalization has many cons like there is a requirement of close relations with the stakeholders that is not possible in globalised business. Justification of the evaluation of the impact of globalization on the value chain management by including the information related to various factors The evaluation of globalization has great influence on each and every level of supply chain management of the companies. The firms are trying to manage the global trend with the domestic trend of the economy. It is providing various types of advantages and challenges to the companies. The globalization helps the company to fight against the competitors who have effective supply chains in their organization. It is required by an effective collaboration of teams and partners with increase in the speed, innovation, promotion and gains the market share. These all challenges have forced the organizations to change their priority of the cost and financial management also for the entire process. It must be related to the supply chain management and fulfilled the global operations strategies (Knemeyer, Zinn, and Eroglu, 2009). The supply chain becomes very complex in globalised world due to the fact that there are different types of culture of different countries. The companies have to analyses the culture of the countries in which they want to do business operations. Globalization provides new opportunities to the firms that will help to expand the business operations and functions of the same. With the process of globalization, the managers another staff of the firms has to keep eyes on the latest trend of the entire world. It is not an easy task to manage and fulfill the demands of each and every individual. This is the major challenge for the human resource (Walters, and Lancaster, 2000). Competitive advantage considerations Globalization has the capability to foster the market competition in an efficient and effective manner. It helps to bring dynamicity in the organization. It has created higher demand that required expertise in the management of supply chain. To create a positive impact of the globalization on the supply chain of the company it is very relevant o bring flexible work environment. It helps to establish competitive leaders in the organization. The globalization helps the company to fight against the competitors who have effective supply chains in their organization. It is required by an effective collaboration of teams and partners with increase in the speed, innovation, promotion and gains the market share (Zhu, Sarkis, and Lai, 2007). There are various regions in which the globalization has created a positive impact like- The focus of the companies is moved from regions of democratic nations to the global arena. To have competitive advantage, companies are now outsourcing the work from specialized firms of foreign countries Many companies are forming collaborative models of the business to expand their supply chain operations to win economies of scale Besides from all the above points the companies are earning profits form the effective supply chain management, and applying strategic planning into it to cope up with the global world. It is helping in capturing the markets; bring an innovations and opportunities for the growth and development of the firm. The process is taking place through synchronizing of the entire value chain and then makes improvement in to the performance and speed of the products and services, development of processes, delivery of goods, differentiation that can bring uniqueness, etc. so that companies can build market value and shares across the world (Manjra, 2014). Financial considerations With the process of globalization, the companies are facing new priorities of competitive world. It is related to the quality of product and process, reliability of the delivery, speed, and customization and the responsiveness of the organizations towards their customers. These all challenges have forced the organizations to change their priority of the cost and financial management of the entire process. It must be related and fulfilled the global operations strategies. It includes the total quality management (TQM) whose focus is to bring a revolution in the total quality of production and delivery of the goods and services. There are various cost involved in the supply chain management of companies (Meixell, and Gargeya, 2005). Technological considerations The technology has brought a peculiar trend in the supply chain management of the companies. Beside of technology, the companies are using less number of procedures in the process of production and supply chain management. Use of technology help the companies in maintains uniformity in the products and diversity where there it is required. The process of supply chain is become more complex with the process of globalization. The companies are using latest technology in the process of supply of goods. If we observe last year data, the US market is supplying their goods using new technologies that are latest and updated. All the companies should analyze the market before planning for the supply chain management and then apply technology so that the globalised demand can be fulfilled. It helps in lower down the risk of rejection and issues in each and every case related to the risk. Globalization provides new opportunities to the firms that will help to expand the business operations and functions of the same. Technology is one of the major factors that help the organizations to gain competitive advantage against the competitors present in the global markets. As it is not possible for all the companies to invest a hug amount in the technology up gradation or change in the technology. Human resource considerations The human resource of the organization is a great resource because of the special characteristics of the same. The process of globalization in the supply chain management creates a huge burden on the human resource of the companies. The reason due to this the pressure has increased is the change sin priorities taking place. Firstly, the aim of the organization is to fulfill the need and demands of the same country people. It is easy for anyone to analyses the need s and wants of people who live is same country. With the process of globalization, the managers another staff of the firms has to keep eyes on the latest trend of the entire world. It is not an easy task to manage and fulfill the demands of each and every individual. This is the major challenge for the human resource. The other challenges faced by the human resource department of the company are the skills and knowledge. As we know that globalization leads in interaction of different types of people, culture, skills, and creativity together. In this regards, the human resource of the organization have to update themselves according to the requirement of globalised supply chain managers. as they do not have to compete with the local economy but the international economies of the world. It involves many types of risk factors in the management of supply chain and decisions related to the same. The human resource of many companies requires specialized training in which they learn about the global trends in the supply chain management of the firms. This could help them in the effective management and decrease the issues rises in the same. Cultural considerations The culture has created negative as well as a positive impact on the management of supply chain in a globalised world. As we know that the companies who are dealing in the international level of business have to adopt diversified culture in their organization. This can help them to minimize the risk factors that can arise due to the different cultures. The supply chain becomes very complex in globalised world due to the fact that there are different types of culture of different countries. The companies have to analyses the culture of the countries in which they want to do business operations. This can be done though analysis of the culture and proper knowledge. Many companies start their business with the mergers and acquisition so that they can get help from the local people of the same country. Joint ventures are also a good way to enter into a globalised market. The newly expansion of any company has ore risk as compared to mergers and acquisition or joint ventures. Culture is a one thing that defines the needs and wants of the customers. The entire supply chain is affected by the different cultures as there is a need to manage the supply chain according to the culture of the locations where transaction is taking place. Political considerations and Economic considerations the globalization in the supply chain management has created a unique types of risk that includes doubts in the currency of other country, variations, the exchanges rates of the currency, economic rats, tariffs and tax policies, duties, responsibilities, rules and regulations, non-tariffs barriers on the trade, individual income tax, tec. the macroeconomics settings of each and every country is different due to which the international trade has become little risky for the organizations. There is a requirement of risk management in the supply chain process through which it become easy to do business in international markets (Creazza, Dallari, and Melacini, 2010). Risk management has become important part of supply chain management while dealing with the international markets. The changes should be managed and used in the future in the process of decision making regarding the quality, quality and time. In many countries, there is no stability regarding the political parties. The policies and strategies of the parties used to change with the change in political party. It also leads in a huge risk for the business organizations while dealing with international business. It is relevant for the organizations to analyze and study the political situations of the country in which they want to deal with in future. It results in lesser risk and future instability. The global operations managers have to tackle with the unexpected and unreasonable devaluation of the currency. They also have to manage the exposures to the changes (Need, 2006). The risk is depending on the favorability of the economy of the other country. If the economies are favorable then it becomes easy for the supply chain managers to manage in a foreign country. The operations strategies are also influenced by the tariffs and non tariffs barriers and other barriers. The only way to save the organization trough all the barriers is through strategic planning and forecasting (Carter, and Rogers, 2008). Corporate social responsibility considerations With the increase in globalization, the corporate social responsibility is also increasing as one of the famous business concept in the developed and developing economies. It is a typical concept of globalization. The stakeholders policies of the economies emphasize on the corporate social responsibility for all the businesses. The global brands of the economy are managing the supply chain of their company through strategic planning. In multinational corporations, the corporate social responsibility has become one of the relevant parts due to the fact that they have to establish a good image in front of the other MNCs. These companies are already challenged with the management of supply chain (Thun, and Hoenig, 2011). The CSR is an additional responsibility for the companies who are dealing in the global economy. The multinational operations are challenged by the globalization, corporate social responsibility and supply chain. It is observed that the firms have to manage the corporate social responsibility so that the people related to the organization will remain satisfied for a longer period of time. Many of the pressure groups are able to identify these pressures of these firms and try to take advantage from the same. Many groups take the firms for granted and try to make profits for themselves (Britt, 2007). In this way, it is important to analyze the groups and people related to the supply chain management of the company and make policies accordingly. there must be proper code of conduct, culture of the corporate, campaigns related to the anti pressure groups that directly or indirectly affects the working of the firms, training and development programs for the employees and workers related to supply chain of the company, value recognition and reorientation so that the corporate social responsibility can create a positive impact on the and positive moral on the supply chains of the company. Conclusion In the conclusion, we can conclude and emphasize that the supply chain management is the most relevant part of each and every organization. Hence, it cannot be affected due to any process of element. The supply chain management provides various ways through which a company can get maximum output through minimum input. It results in effective and efficient use of resource in the organization. It also provides an advantage of competitive advantage over the competitors to the companies by analyzing the market conditions and tackles them in the best way. The process of globalization has helped in the supply chain management up to an extent but it also creates challenging situations for the companies to tackle the strategic environment. As we know that each and every supply chain has its unique value and beliefs. It set the market demands and challenges regarding the operations. All the companies should analyze the market before planning for the supply chain management. It helps in lower down the risk and issues in each and every case. Globalization provides new opportunities to the firms that will help to expand the business operations and functions of the same. We can say that if companies have the caliber to manage the supply chain management as well as the process of globalization simultaneously in the organization, then it would be the best thing to happen. It will result is a very positive way and the company can enjoy competitive advantage against the competitors. They can earn more revenues and profits. References Britt, D., 2007. Impact of globalization in creating sustainable competitive advantage, [Online], Accessed on: 9 December 2016, Available on: https://www.sdcexec.com/article/10289694/impact-of-globalization-in-creating-sustainable-competitive-advantage Carter, C.R. and Rogers, D.S., 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International journal of physical distribution logistics management, 38(5), pp.360-387. Creazza, A., Dallari, F. and Melacini, M., 2010. Evaluating logistics network configurations for a global supply chain. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(2), pp.154-164. Knemeyer, A.M., Zinn, W. and Eroglu, C., 2009. Proactive planning for catastrophic events in supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 27(2), pp.141-153. Manjra, R. 2014. How has globalization impact to supply chain management?, [Online], Accessed on: 9 December 2016, Available on: https://www.quora.com/How-has-Globalization-impact-to-supply-chain-management#MoreAnswers Meixell, M.J. and Gargeya, V.B., 2005. Global supply chain design: A literature review and critique. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 41(6), pp.531-550. Need, W.C.D.H.P., 2006. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. Thun, J.H. and Hoenig, D., 2011. An empirical analysis of supply chain risk management in the German automotive industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 131(1), pp.242-249. Walters, D. and Lancaster, G., 2000. Implementing value strategy through the value chain. Management Decision, 38(3), pp.160-178. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J. and Lai, K.H., 2007. Green supply chain management: pressures, practices and performance within the Chinese automobile industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(11), pp.1041-1052.

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan And The Patriot Essays

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan And The Patriot Different Depictions of War Moviemakers have the power to portray the world the way they see it. And because there are so many different directors out there, we as viewers, are presented with a variety of interpretations. If a director sees love as a game, then it is so (at least until their hour and 45-minute tale of two playful lovers comes to an end). If he or she believes society to be corrupt then we will see it as such on her or his recorded picture of the world. And if one director thinks of war as completely disastrous while another sees glory in it then we would find ourselves viewing two contrasting depictions of war. Two recent films that exemplify this circumstance are Steven Speilberg's Saving Private Ryan and Roland Emmerich's The Patriot. Both movies are about an historic war, both were made around the same time, and yet both create an entirely different image of war. With the use of dramatic, literary, and cinematic aspects, Speilberg and Emmerich present their opinions, as well as emotions, on the screen. Ryan takes place during World War II. Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) is given a mission to save Private James Ryan (Matt Damon), whose three brothers were killed in action. The Patriot is the story of a father of seven and veteran of the French and Indian War. Although he shows disapproval of the current American Revolution, personal vengeance makes him a hero in the war. Although the screenplay could account for a film's viewpoint, it is the directing that creates the visual picture. Ironically, Both Ryan and The Patriot were written by the same man, Robert Rodat. This further supports the idea that the director's opinion on a topic is evident in her or his film, no matter what the screenwriter's thoughts may be. Not to mention the fact that a the director usually chooses a script that suits them. Therefor, literary elements reflect the director's perspective. The setting in Ryan's opening scene is a veteran cemetery where we are immediately reminded of the result of war: death. The second scene takes place on Omaha Beach, the battlefield of the tragic D-Day. Right off, we are shown that thousands died in World War II as well as what it was like. We hear soldiers praying for their lives and others praying for an accurate shot to end the life of another. Speilberg does not hesitate to plunge into the reality that in war one is either killing or dying. In The Patriot our story begins quite differently. We are first introduced to our protagonist, Benjamin (Mel Gibson), in his home as he comically fails to build a rocking chair. Like Ryan, we are introduced to the main focus of the film, but unlike Ryan, the focus is a character not a war. In addition, The Patriot's main character is first presented as a father and carpenter, while we first meet Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) already involved in the war. The difference between these films is that one uses characters to tell the story of a war, while the other uses a war to tell the story of a character. Characters are major literary elements and they, alone, illustrate the intent of each film. The British (bad guys) in The Patriot are either sinister or ignorant, while the Americans (good guys) are either brave and witty or braver and heroic. The definite line between good and evil encourages us to root for the spunky Americans. Ryan, on the other hand, makes an effort to portray its characters as realistic as possible. The soldiers are ordinary guys some likable, some not, most relatable, all believable. While Benjamin The Ghost Martin is invincible, Miller, with his shaky hand, is homesick and tired. Take Corporal Upham (Jeremy Davies), for example. Upham, without a doubt, sees the war as we see it, as Speilberg sees it, as it is. The comfort he finds in talking to others to the fear he feels about the chaos as he asks himself, What is happening? are all reactions that an everyday civilian would have to the war. In The Patriot we

Objectivity of Science

Objectivity of Science Introduction The history of objectivity of science can be traced back to the nineteenth century. The objectivity of science was based on the truth, facts and knowledge. It was practiced by scientific atlas founders so as to articulate the presentations of the meaning of nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Objectivity of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The need by scientists to restrain themselves from using their individual bias in the description of nature was the fundamental driving force behind scientific objectivity. The guiding principle in scientific objectivity has always been and will always be ensuring that knowledge is safeguarded from biased individual representation. Science is founded on the objective analysis evaluation and presentation of scientific, empirical data based on the facts observed (Kuhn, 1973, para. 3). Scientific objectivity is the term given to the practice of science through which different facts are investigated and subsequently used to explain different untruths. The elimination of personal biases and emotional commitment are the core of scientific objectivity. Objectivity has been used as a standard of measure in science for quite some time. The objectivity of science is closely associated with the ability to test the facts. For science to be considered to be objective, measurement of facts must be disseminated from one person to another. The test of objectivity encompasses other various tests.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been observed that the classification of traditional objectivity overlooks numerous elements (Kuhn, 1973, para. 8). Therefore, objectivity of science follows certain values and facts. Scientific objectivity, values, or facts The test of objectivity has various subjective decisions which make the entire measureme nt involve reductionist process. On the other hand, the measurement of these methods will form part of the objective test related to the outcome of the facts. A fundamental element of science, which is emphasized by a lot of scientists, is that, emphasis is placed on the facts but not the values involved. This distinction has been openly revealed since science exists on the objective reality and while values do not. This perception enables scientists to perceive the field of science as a domain of permanent knowledge, which must be identified. The notion of science being free from value has been highly contested by sociologists and scientists. The criticism is based on the methods used to arrive at several scientific conclusions (Restivo, 2011, p. 21). There are various misconceptions whereby the value of free nation is claimed to have been overrated and overstated by scientists. The ideology of relativism between science and objectivity has been held to be misleading. There are tho se scientists who contend that the sciences have values meant to assist in arriving at reliable knowledge free from effects of bias. An element of bias would lead to unreliable knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Objectivity of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intersection of knowledge and values has been identified. The intersection of knowledge and values has provided robust facts. The diversity of values promotes accepted principles (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 18). It is still contested that the notion of science being pure and not relying on values is highly misleading. It is known that science promotes values such as reliability, accuracy and precision. On the other hand, scientists are said to value novelty and simplicity of concepts. It has widely been argued that the pursuit of science is a value based venture. There is a need to consider science and how it operates in the development of t he material world to acquire and develop knowledge. However, this may be unreasonable not to weigh the stakes involved. Scientific objectivity proves that values are not excluded from the quest for knowledge in science. In its core components, science is not only made up of freedom but also of responsibilities. The fundamental elements, which are noticeable, in scientific objectivity, have a refutable hypothesis. The hypothesis must be backed with relevant evidence. Finally, the results should be presented in a way that they are accessible and can be subjected to empirical testing by all individuals with a vested interest in science (Okasha, 2002, p. 43).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the underlying core values that limit a scientific research from replicating someone else’s work while expecting different results. The standards placed on research have made it easy to identify whenever certain conditions have been breached. The use of refutable hypothesis brings the scientific objectivity to a point that the knowledge identified is placed in an objective, rigorous test. The strict requirements that the information offered should be tested can be used to promote scientific reputations. Some scientists will gain wide use of reputation due to their knowledge of documentation. The scientific field has automatic activities (Laudan, 1983, p. 16). The objectivity of science is not limitless since it has numerous limiting factors. Objectivity has numerous problems, which are associated, with metaphysics. This has been mainly linked to the objectivity of the mind. The objectivity of the mind exists with several ethics, and a consideration of these ethics is th e account of the objectivity. It follows that objectivity is a method of understanding whereby knowledge and beliefs are placed in a primary sense of understanding. The main truths that can be placed in the above definition qualify to be a formation of conception. The old view, which is to be regarded as subjective, yields an objective conception (Keller, 2009, p. 16). The objectivity test has been said to yield the expected results, which have been described by some scientists as false objectivity. The perception of the larger reality supposes that we are to be considered as being part of the larger reality in the objective standpoint. The implication of the statement above implies that there is a connection between reality and objectivity but the connection could be remarkably small. The question as to whether the mind and self-form part of the objective reality remains unanswered. The objective status in the mind creates a mental status which tends to be general. The objectivity of the mind dictates that there is a significant link between the brain objectivity and the day to day actions in ones life. The physical properties define the scope of the mind objectivity. The definition given to the physical world has been said to emanate from a standpoint of human beings perceptions (Okruhlk, n. d). The very evidence that every scientist begins to work on every day is based on the perceptions of individuals and their rational understanding of different events in the physical sphere. That clearly supports the assertion that objective conception is not without origin, but it has a starting point and reliable features. The properties of the perpetual aspects of objective science are better understood when the beginning is traceable. The mind has the rational consciousness, which gets the information, and basing on this information, a perpetual point of view is taken. As proven conception of objectivity has its own difficulties and limits as it was earlier mentioned . In the same way that the brain has a limit to the affairs going around it, the brain too has notable difficulties when seeking a clear understanding of reality (McMullin, n. d). The objectivity is limited by the fact that the interpretation of different perceptions, which cannot be severed from the occurrences due to the physical interactions. The mention of mental activity in the objectivity of science is to make sure that all perceptions and viewpoints are concurrent with the practice. Reality objectivity leads to conclusions that so perceptions have a dominating role in the physical world. Scientists have at numerous situations considered the objectivity to be a myth which they have continuously sought to affirm or dispute. The mode of arriving at substantial results too has been placed on the basis of the said consideration (Fleming, 2004, p. 17). The scientific objectivity has existed with numerous criticisms from scientists and sociologists. There are scientists who have arg ued that the scientific objectivity among many scientists has occurred in the form of an illusion. The objectivity advocated by scientists has been said to be hard to achieve. The objectivity applicability in the real world is held to be impossible, but such notions have continuously been disputed (Kuhn, 1973, para. 9). Conclusion It is evident that the objectivity of science follows certain values and facts. The scientific objectivity as put across by different scientists has many elements and many scientists have tried to justify the existence of the main features. In some instances, it has been asserted that objectivity does exist without values, but that assertion has been widely disputed. The existence of values such as novelty in the objectivity of science has been a pillar to the contention that there are no values in scientific objectivity. However, there are many problems that scientific objectivity ought to deal with accurately. References McMullin, E. (n. d). Rationality and Paradigm change in science. Retrieved from fitelson.org/290/mcmullin_acfsr.pdf Fleming, B. E. (2004). Science and the self: The scale of knowledge. Dallas [u.a.: Univ. Press of America. Longino, H. (n. d). Values and Objectivity. Retrieved from cumc.columbia.edu/dept/healthandsociety/events/ms/pdf/ps_Longino%20H%20Values%20and%20Objectivity.pdf Okruhlk, K. (n. d). Gender and biological sciences. Retrieved from http://spot.colorado.edu/~cleland/articles/gender_and_biological_sciences.pdf Keller, A. C. (2009). Science in environmental policy: The politics of objective advice. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Kuhn, T. (1973). Objectivity, Value judgment and Theory choice, Retrieved from http://commonsenseatheism.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Kuhn-Objectivity-Value-Judgment-and-Theory-Choice.pdf Laudan, L. (1983). Dissecting the Holist Picture of Scientific Change. Retrieved from: scribd.com/doc/96495571/Dissecting-the-Holist-Picture-of-Scientific-Change-Laudan Okasha, S. (2002). Philos ophy of science. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. Polifroni, E.C., Welch, M. (1999). Perspectives on philosophy of science in nursing: An historical and contemporary anthology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. Restivo, S. P. (2011). Red, black, and objective: Science, sociology, and anarchism. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.

Personal Development Planning (PDP) Assignmant Essay - 3

Personal Development Planning (PDP) Assignmant - Essay Example Individuals who can use personal time management techniques may lead richer lives than others both in terms of what they achieve and how much time they have for leisure activities with their families or on their own. Time management skills also teach an individual to work better under pressure, mitigate the effects of stress generated by time pressures and to function at full capacity when there is a time crunch placed on them (Cook, 1998). In this way, through planning, organization, forecasting and time allotment for various tasks, a person can come to terms with how they are going to spend time achieving certain goals. These goals can be work related whereby a person can break up a given task into smaller segments linked with time based deadlines which can let a person know if they need to work faster or if they can slow down a little to review and try and improve their quality. By balancing work with the given time, a person can overcome the problem of procrastination and handle intense workloads without breaking a sweat (Cook, 1998). The fundamental guidelines of time management focus on getting a certain level of results within a given time. Mismanagement of time would be spending time on quite a few different activities where none of the given tasks are completed and no results can be shown. There is a rule of time management known as the eighty-twenty rule which suggests that most of the unfocused energy (80%) towards a given task only produces minor (20%) of the results. On the other hand, a little (20%) focused time and energy can produce a lot (80%) of the results (Cook, 1998). Planning and completing tasks with time management skills in mind can help individuals focus their energies so they can handle more work in less time. Instead of waiting mental and physical effort on needless tasks a person can focus on things which are urgent, important and need to

The Daily Mail is considered by many to be problematic. What (if any) Essay - 2

The Daily Mail is considered by many to be problematic. What (if any) is the problem with the Daily Mail and why is it like this - Essay Example s, The Daily Mail has come to face a lot of criticism for publishing some stories that have ended up not being true or those that are controversial and this has led to a situation where it has come to be viewed as problematic in some circles. One of the reasons why The Daily Mail has come to be considered problematic is based on the belief that its highly conservative nature has led to a situation where it has been accused of promoting the worst in British society. This is especially the case where this newspaper has been accused of publishing articles that essentially promote racism as well as discrimination against immigrants. Such instances are seen through its bringing to the fore incidents that occur rarely and promoting them as the face of those that take place on a daily basis (Pilger, 1998). Among these is the highlighting of those rare cases where immigrants are provided with housing and allowances by the government at the taxpayers’ expense. The Daily Mail has been accused of using these rare cases as a means of promoting the belief within British society that the presence of immigrants is detrimental to it and that it has to be opposed at all costs. Furthermore, this paper’s opposition to immigra tion has created a situation where there has been an increase in hostility towards immigrants from society who have come to believe that these individuals are taking advantage of them to secure themselves economically. It is necessary to note that this newspaper rarely publishes the stories of those immigrants whose need is quite genuine and those who have come to Britain not out of choice but because of necessity considering such conditions as war in their home countries. It is through such one sided views that has led to The Daily Mail being considered not to be impartial in its reporting. The Daily Mail is a newspaper that has been mired in controversy in recent years as a result of publishing stories that have lacked credibility. This was the case when

TOPIC C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TOPIC C - Essay Example I can imagine how crucial it would be to develop analytical skills and train creative faculties of mind for every engineer who is bound to pursue a career in the industry where it takes pure heart and determination to exercise potentials toward achieving optimum results. Besides scholastic endeavour, I could foresee much fruitfulness in active participation through extra-curricular activities by which to become disposed to communicating with different kinds of people with diverse educational orientation and cultural background. This would enable socialization that is vital to my growth as an engineering student in need of learning via individual effort and that derived from dynamic human relation, in equal measures. Engaging in organizations that facilitate such activities may direct me to satisfy professional aims in the light of understanding the world better and know thereafter what I can do at best to serve it as I discover rich source of ideas and values to obtain and impart by means of constant interaction with others, in and out of the

Management Objectives for a Semi-natural Woodland

Management Objectives for a Semi-natural Woodland Niamh Fitzpatrick An effective and long term successful management plan of Derrybeg woodland is critical to conserve and protect the biodiversity of the site. To do this, the first and most important step is the implementation of a bassline study. This bassline study will provide information on the flora and fauna that is present on the site, allowing you to devise an appropriate management plan. The first management objective of Derrybeg Wood is to manage the mixed broadleaf woodlands which includes, oak-ash-hazel and wet willow-alder-ash. The management of these woodlands is imperative as they are natural or semi natural woodlands of high ecological importance. Throughout the management its vital that one firstly maintains and if possible restores the woodlands natural ecological diversity. The main technique for the management of these woodlands is coppicing. However, as Derrybeg Wood has not been actively managed for several decades, firstly it would be necessary for the standards to be thinned out. This will allow more light for the understory. By thinning the broadleaf species, it removes the less desirable or trees that are not as healthy as well as giving the remaining trees more space to develop (Betts Ellis, 2009). Thinning allows light onto the woodland floor, thus encouraging an understorey of small plants, shrubs and trees to grow. This generally occurs naturally in many woodlands i.e. as weaker trees die, thus this step is not causing any negative impacts on the surrounding flora and fauna and is simply working with nature (Betts Ellis, 2009). In terms of coppicing these broadleaved woodlands, all the multi-stemmed broadleaved trees and shrubs that occur together will be cut down to ground level. The size of the coppice coupes will need to be proportional to the woodland area (Betts Ellis, 2009). For this woodland, coupes of 1-2 ha would be suitable. For optimum coppice growth to be achieved, their density will be kept between 30% and 50% of the canopy. It is preferable to maintain coupes that are irregular and elongated in shape compared to those that are square or regular in shape because they create richer edge habitats (Betts Ellis, 2009). Coppicing works extremely well for the woodland on a whole. It creates ideal conditions for many different species. The influx of light is optimal for some wild flowers in the first few years after cutting. Also as the coppice grows and becomes denser, excellent conditions are created for nesting birds which are present on site (Betts Ellis, 2009) This is a long-term management objective that needs to be monitored and carried out over several years. According to a study by (Betts Ellis, 2009) the stools are expected shoot and in 5 to 20 years they will produce a crop of poles that will need to be cut again. As Red Deer are present in this woodland the advantage of the richer edge habitats may be lost unless they are kept out for the saplings to be able to regenerate. Deer can cause major problems as they are tall and the coppice takes a lot longer to grow beyond the reach of the Red Deers mouth (Betts Ellis, 2009). In order to prevent the deer from entering this site, a deer fence is the most effective form of protection. In terms of natural barriers, brash is an excellent and effective alternative. Objective two: The second objective is to remove the rhododendron that is present in approximately half of the woodland. From the bassline study, we found that the level of infestation varies throughout this woodland i.e. near the pools in the centre of the woodland and under the birch and oak, there is heavy infestation as well as near the eastern half of the woodland, within the conifer stands. These heavily infested areas are priority and will be cleared first. The bushes that are largest and most mature need to be removed first, therefore removal will begin in the middle and work outwards rather than starting on the edges with the youngest bushes. Its important to remove these bushes first because they have the highest yield of seeds, thus causing the biggest threat to the eradication of this area. Once these major seed sources have been tackled, the minor seed sources will become a priority. (Edwards, 2006) The technique chosen to remove the invasive will depend on many factors such as; the height in which its growing, the level of invasion and the accessibility to the area. for this site the removal of the invasive will be broken up into three different steps; The initial removal of the invasive the stumps will be cut therefore leaving no live shoots or branches. This will occur from September to March and the cut material will be removed to a suitable area to be burned. Only a small number of burning sites will occur as it creates more areas of bare ground, thus providing more areas for the seeds to thrive. (Kent Wildlife Trust, 2017) Controlling the stems and roots young bushes, residual seedlings and any regrowth will be treated using a foliar spray that contains an adjuvant to enhance the performance of the herbicide. This is necessary to remove the waxy layer that is present on the surface of the leaf (Kent Wildlife Trust, 2017). This will occur from May to October, preferably when the weather is dry. Mature bushes will then be treated using a stem injection treatment, i.e. cutting the main stem to allow a hole to be drilled enabling the use of the herbicide. (Edwards, 2006) Follow up treatments Its critical that these treatments are carried out thoroughly ensuring all ground is covered before moving on to a new site. If not, the invasive will re-establish. The rhododendron must be monitored and re surveyed at the end of every growing season to identify if there is any re-growth (Edwards, 2006). From this any follow up treatments can be established. Herbicides dont transport within the phloem of the plant, thus its necessary to repeat this process to ensure that the invasive is dead and cannot re-grow. (Betts Ellis, 2009) Its extremely difficult to achieve the complete elimination of rhododendron and it is a very time consuming process, however if its controlled until the surrounding trees close canopy then shading will halt its development (Betts Ellis, 2009). Additionally, as much of the rhododendron invasion occurs within the conifer stands, the dense evergreen crowns of these conifer species have a heavy shade, thus preventing the Rhododendron regenerating within the stand (Betts Ellis, 2009). In a report from the forestry commission (Edwards, 2006), it was recommended that the management plan should occur over a seven-year period, therefore these steps including the follow up treatments will take place over seven years to ensure the complete eradication of the invasion of rhododendron in this woodland. (Edwards, 2006) Objective three: The third objective for Derrybeg wood is the development of rides or glades. A ride is a linear open space within a wood that is formed for the need of access (Stephens, 2005). Rides generally have a hard-surfaced track which make up some of the width and they are usually made up of several zones. A path or track becomes a ride when it is wide enough for there to be an opening in the canopy, allowing sunlight to reach the ground (Stephens, 2005). The first step in this objective is to survey all potential rides to establish which rides to open or create. This step is critical to choose the ones with greatest potential. All archeological features i.e. wood banks will be carefully considered to prevent damage in the process of creating or widening a ride (Stephens, 2005). The depth of the ride will be equal to or greater than the height of the adjacent canopy. Rides that are less than this width quickly lose any benefit gained in the early years (Stephens, 2005). The rides will have a wavy edge as this has a greater wildlife benefit. The wavy edge maximises the woodland edge, thus increasing the habitat diversity. In areas where wood mice and red squirrel are present pinch points will need to be included at no more than 100-metre intervals (Stephens, 2005). This is important as they are arboreal mammals which generally dont like to travel along the ground. Thus, they require aerial runways to cross open spaces. Rides that are w ider can also cause disturbances to the population and subsequent decline if links across them are not provided. The rides will be opened out to ensure maximum sunlight. It will run on the east-west line rather than the north-south line because east-west lines are in the sunlight for longer (Stephens, 2005). They warm up earlier in the year and cool down later and warmth combined with sunlight will promote the greatest wildlife benefit. The sunny ride edges will rapidly develop grasses and several plants that may be scarce or not found elsewhere in the wood e.g. violets (Stephens, 2005). Shrubs may grow on ride edges and this is a great food source for many butterflies and other insects which are present in the wood. Many flowers and butterflies present favour open-space environments at the woodland edge and therefore should thrive from this being extended (Betts Ellis, 2009). The careful management of open habitats is significant as it introduces greater habitat diversity. It enco urages a larger range of species as many prefer the edge of habitats for feeding due to the higher level of herbs and the larger invertebrate population (Betts Ellis, 2009). Once the rides have been identified and created, its important that they are maintained and managed appropriately for the following 20 years by doing the following; Mowing the area where the greatest amount of sunlight occurs every year. Cutting a herb or shrub zone once every three to five years. Cutting a transition zone between the herb / shrub zone to the high forest on an eight to twenty-year coppice rotation. Controlling the presence of deer, as this is required over an extensive area, culling is the most practical method as opposed to fencing. (Stephens, 2005) Objective Four: The management of the wildlife present in Derrybeg Wood is another significant objective. Many species present in the wood are protected or threatened per the IUCN red lists for example the red squirrel and the lesser horseshoe bat. These species are protected under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. In addition, the lesser horseshoe bat is also protected under the EU Habitats Directive. Given the conservation importance of these species its important to follow guidelines in relation to their management and the overall management of the wood. The red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, is a significant species present in this woodland, and it is critical that they are managed effectively to prevent their decline. As grey squirrels are not present in this woodland, food supply is one of the most important factors affecting the red squirrels population density. The management of the conifer species is important to provide a continuous food supply for the red squirrel. Generally, conifer species are of variable quality in terms of being a food source (Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017). The amount of seed produced depends on factors such as the age of the trees, thus conifers should be managed depending on the state of the woodland (Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017). The management of the conifer species in this wood will include; Sustaining a permanent proportion of the forest that is made up of stands of seed bearing age. This is important because conifer species dont generally produce cones every year. Many species can take up to seven years between cycles and some species dont start to cone until they are 15-20 years old. (Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017). Maintaining a significant amount of a variety of species, i.e. not just Sitka spruce. This is important to ensure diversity of species. (Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017) Ensuring a constant tree canopy that is not disturbed. To do this, the structure of the conifers will need to consist of stands of trees that are of a similar age. This will also help to reduce forest vulnerability to wind throw. (Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017) The lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros is also protected under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. As this species has such specific requirements i.e. needing dense vegetation to forage and linear sites to travel, it is given added legislative protection under the Habitats Directive (McAney, 2017). To protect this species, the woodland will firstly be surveyed to identify trees that contain roosts. This survey will be carried out in both summer and winter. This will be repeated every 5 to 10 years after this initial survey to evaluate any changes in the population (Foresty Commission , 2005). After surveying, a natural reserve will be created to provide security and permanency for the species. The careful management of the rest of the woodland is vital and will enhance the feeding areas of the bat species as well as other species present in the wood. The natural reserve will be monitored and reviewed every 5 years. (Foresty Commission , 2005) Objective Five: The final management objective that will occur in this woodland is the control of bracken encroachment. From the bassline study, a substantial amount of bracken was identified in the north-eastern part of the woodland. The presence of bracken is a sign of soil disturbance and will require a long-term management plan. Although bracken can be significant where it is mixed with other vegetation as well as providing an important larval food plant for some species of butterfly, its removal encourages primary habitats to re-establish which is of greater importance for wildlife. The complete eradication of bracken is not necessary nor desirable for this site, therefore the objective is to control the spread of bracken on a long-term basis for numerous reasons e.g. to protect other valuable habitats and vegetation (Farrell, 1999). Firstly, the presence of bracken should be identified and mapped by surveying its distribution between the months of July and October as this is when it is most visible. Then its vital to identify the target specific areas that need to be controlled and tackle the target areas first, i.e. those that are increasing rapidly. Initially the bracken will be controlled chemically, using a herbicide. The most common herbicide used is asulox which is favoured over roundup as it is specific towards certain plants e.g. ferns (Farrell, 1999). The site will be sprayed using a portable knapsack sprayer from the middle of July to August where weather is not too windy or wet, and a dye will be used to identify the fronds that have been treated. Spraying doesnt have any direct effects on the surrounding animals or to human health, however it will affect the taste of the bracken, thus all grazing animals will be fenced off for at least two weeks (Farrell, 1999). This treatment is expected to remove 98% of the bracken present in the area, however the other 2% will re-establish on the land over the following five years if an appropriate follow up plan is not prepared. This site will require a ten-year management plant which involves the continuous monitoring and treatment of the site. Initial spraying needs to be followed by cutting every 2-3 years for the foreseeable future (Farrell, 1999). Its important that a period of at least two years is left in between spraying. This is to allow buds that are dormant on the remaining bracken rhizomes to develop (Roberts MacDonald, 2017). Bracken encroachment can also be controlled by sowing heather cuttings, as the regeneration of heather is an excellent way to keep the encroachment of bracken under control. There will also be a period where animals cannot graze allowing new vegetation to grow from regeneration (Roberts MacDonald, 2017) References Betts, A. Ellis, J., 2009. So, you own a woodland?, Bristol: Forestry Commission National Office . Edwards, C., 2006. Managing and controlling invasive rhododendron, Edinburgh: Forestry Commission. Farrell, F., 1999. Bracken Management. [Online] Available at: http://www.esatclear.ie/~fionafarrell/html/technical_writing.html[Accessed 10 March 2017]. Forest Service , 2009. Forestry and Otter Guidelines, s.l.: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food . Foresty Commission , 2005. Woodland Management for Bats , s.l.: Forestry Commission for England and Wales . Kent Wildlife Trust, 2017. Woodland management control of rhododendron and cherry laurel. [Online] Available at: http://www.kentwildlifetrust.org.uk/sites/default/files/kwt_land_mgt_advice_sheet_9_-_woodland_management_-_control_of_rhododendron.pdf[Accessed 10 March 2017]. McAney, D. K., 2017. Vincent Wildlife lesser horseshoe bat (RHINOLOPHUS HIPPOSIDEROS). [Online] Available at: http://www.mammals-in-ireland.ie/species/lesser-horseshoe-bat[Accessed 27 February 2017]. Red Squirrels Northern England, 2017. Habitat Management in Red Squirrel Reserves and Buffer Zones in Northern England. [Online] Available at: http://rsne.org.uk/sites/default/files/Habitat%20Management.pdf[Accessed 27 February 2017]. Roberts, J. MacDonald, A., 2017. Bracken Control. [Online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/advisorynotes/24/24.htm[Accessed 10 March 2017]. Stephens, P., 2005. Managing woodland open space for wildlife, s.l.: Forestry Commission England.

South Sudan: Challenges Facing Africas Newest State Essay -- Diplomac

With the continued development of third-world countries becoming more of a trend, international powers expect that the world is making a larger shift towards total democracy. With the establishment of one of the world’s newest states, South Sudan has many challenges ahead of them yet to conquer in their quest of total independence. How can one make sense of the international relations of establishing a new state. Since secession is not a new theory, we should outline and map the challenges faced by the country of South Sudan. This term paper will provide a brief background, and discuss the challenges that are faced by the newest state of Africa. It’s important for international relations researchers to carefully observe and note these challenges, which can then be applied to other nations in the future. The Republic of South Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. Its current capital city is Juba, the nation’s largest city. Sudan (including South Sudan) was originally a part of Egypt, dating back to the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. It was later governed as an Anglo-Egyptian colony until it’s independence, in 1956. In 1972 following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed, which lasted until 1983. A second civil war emerged, which ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Also that year, the Autonomous Government of South Sudan was formed. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012) On 9 July 2011, South Sudan Seceded from North Sudan, becoming an independent nation, which is not without it’s challenges, both internally and externally. This paper will examine some of these challenges. It can first be noted that South Sudan may not be ready for independence, as the international ... ...thor claims Oliny as new ally. BBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12666585 Carpenter, S. (2011, April 22). South Sudan: reflections on a fragile state. Open Democracy. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.opendemocracy.net/sam-carpenter/south-sudan-reflections-on-fragile-state Central Intellgence Agency (2012, March). The World Factbook Page on South Sudan. In 2012 World Factbook [Online Database]. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/od.html Storo, C. (2011, June 16). The failed state notion of South Sudan, post secession. Consultancy Africa Intellgence. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.consultancyafrica.com Young, J. (2003). Sudan: Liberation Movements, Regional Armies, Ethnic Militas, and Peace. Review of African Political Economy [JSTOR], 97(434).

How Propaganda Helped the Nazi Government to Control Germany Essay

The Nazis used propaganda in many different ways. They closed down all the opposing newspapers available to German people controlled by Nazis. This means that the Germans only read good things about the Nazis they couldn’t see all the malicious things they had been doing. Radio stations were to broadcast Nazi programmes featuring speeches by Hitler and German antisemitic music. There were many Nazi parades and rallies. There were posters everywhere, these emphasized the strengths and the positive things about Nazis, however, they could be easily ignored. Speeches by Hitler could be heard on loudspeakers in many places, this made people respect and admire him. Foreign films were banned and new antisemitic Aryan films were made, showing all the Nazi achievements and advertising antisemitism and Arianism. This also emphasized the strengths of Hitler, the Nazis and Aryan Germany. The Germans only saw the fabulous things about the Nazis, some people were oblivious to the horrible and wrong things going on and many people agreed with it. People didn’t like Jews. Hitler and the Nazis built on this hate, saying that they were to blame for Germany’s decline. Hitler wouldn’t let anybody see the whole picture, he used positivity, made Germans proud.The Nazis incinerated all non-German, Jewish and communist books. Hitler rewrote school books to say wonderful things about Aryans and the Nazis, this made the children admire him and the boys want to be like him.The Germans arrested all the people that said anything unwanted about Hitler or the Nazis. People were encouraged to denounce each other, neighbors, friends and family. They also arrested all the opponents such as communists, Jews and anti-Nazis. Anybody that might make people think bad of the Hitler and the Nazis were punished: arrested, sent to camps, a lot of people were exterminated. Free short-range radios were given out so Hitler could be in everyone’s homes and so the people can’t listen to BBC speaking the wise truth!

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained

Why Is College So Expensive Rising College Costs, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re like the average student, you’re probably bemoaning the ever-rising cost of college. School seems almost impossibly expensive, and yet every year sticker prices tend to go up. You know that getting a degree is important for your future career prospects, and you understand that you can apply for financial aid, but you just don’t get how schools can set these sky-high prices. Did college tuition always cost so much? And if not, why has it risen to its current rate? I’ll answer these questions and more in the following sections, which address: Current college expenses cost breakdowns Historical trends of tuition fee expenses in the US Explanations for these rapid cost increases What you actually pay for school, and how that’s different from the sticker price Tips strategies for keeping your costs down Read on to learn more about why college is so expensive, and what you can do to afford it. What Does College Cost? Before we talk about why college is so expensive, we should talk about what college actually costs. You might already have a general idea of average prices for public and private schools in the US, so hopefully this info won’t give you sticker shock. The major college costs that students are responsible for include tuition, fees, room, and board. Tuition fees are generally lumped together, as are room board costs. All of these expenses (plus a few minor others) are equal to the total amount it costs for a student to go to school for one year, otherwise known as the Cost of Attendance. Let’s look at some of these average costs for the last academic year (2014-2015): Tuition and Fees Private college average = $32,405 Public college average for in-state residents = $9,410 Public college average for out-of-state residents = $22,958 Room and Board Private college average =$11,188 Public college average = $9,804 In sum, the average Cost of Attendance ranges from about $18,943 at public schools to $42,419 at private schools (there will obviously be some variation - these are just averages). You can read more about the breakdown of college expenses by checking out our comprehensive guide to college costs. Now that you have a good baseline for current college costs, we can talk about why, exactly, they’re so shocking. We can do this by looking at historical data, or information on college costs over the last few decades. Historical Trends: The Rising Cost of College College cost trends in a nutshell. Here, we’ll take a look at how tuition, fees, room, and board costs have changed (in today’s dollars) over the last 40 years or so. I’ve created some graphs, so you have a better representation of rising expenses from a few different perspectives (data sources include College Board, IPEDS): Average tuition fee increases (for both private and public schools) Average room board increases (for both private and public schools) Average private college versus public college cost increases Tuition and Fee Increases I’m starting with tuition fees because this is where we tend to see the most dramatic cost increases over the past few decades – you’ll see what I mean on the graph below. Remember that these costs are all in 2015 dollars – because of inflation, $1 decades ago was worth much more than it is now. This has been accounted for in the graph so that the cost increases don’t seem larger or more drastic than they actually are. That being said, they look pretty drastic: Average Tuition Fees, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school tuition cost $10,088 in 1975, whereas the average private school tuition now costs $32,405. That’s a 221% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school tuition cost $2,387 in 1975, whereas the average public school tuition now costs $9,410. That’s a 294% increase over the past 40 years. When people talk about the discrepancy between private school and public school costs, this is generally what they mean. Room board can be expensive (as you’ll see in a minute), but the greatest difference in costs is evident when we look at tuition fees. The major factor that accounts for this difference? Public school tuition is subsidized by the state, whereas private school tuition isn’t. The tuition numbers for public schools listed above are average costs for in-state residents - tuition for out-of-state residents at public schools can be much more expensivebecause it’s not subsidized for those students. Room and Board Increases Room board costs can be a bit more variable than tuition fees costs, and depend heavily on things like cost of living in a particular area, or students’ living and dining plan selections. That being said, average room board costs have increased pretty dramatically over past decades (again, the amounts here have all been adjusted to 2015 dollars). Average Room Board, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) To give you some concrete examples: The average private school room board cost $6,125 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $11,516. That’s a 188% increase over the past 40 years. The average public school room board cost $5,446 in 1975, whereas the average cost now is $10,138. That’s a 186% increase over the past 40 years. You might notice that although private room board costs are more expensive than those of public schools, there’s not a huge difference between them - in the 2015-2016 school year, for example, the difference between average room board costs between school types came to $1,378. Total Cost Increases: Private Colleges vs. Public Colleges Finally, we’ll take a look at how the average costs of private schools have compared to the average costs of public schools (in 2015 dollars) over the past four decades. Although they’ve both risen at rates faster than that of inflation, you might notice that there’s a big difference in the costs (and the change in costs) between public and private schools: Average Tuition Fees + Room Board Costs, 1975-2016 (in 5-year increments) Overall, we can see that average education costs have risen pretty rapidly. For public schools -The average total cost went from $7,833 in 1975 to $19,548 in 2015. That’s a 250% increase over four decades. For private schools -The average total cost went from $16,213 in 1975 to $43,921 in 2015. That’s a 271% increase over four decades. Your next question, naturally, might be why we’ve seen such a rapid increase in the cost of a college education in the US over the past 40 years. This isn’t an easy question to answer, but we’ll address all possible explanations for the rising cost of college in the next section. Why Are CollegeCosts Rising So Rapidly? This is the million dollar question - we know very well that costs are rising, and by how much. What’s more difficult to understand is why, exactly, college costs (for both public and private schools!) are going up at such an astonishing rate. There are several popular explanations for these cost increases. As with most complex issues, however, it’s difficult to approach a question like this objectively because most of these explanations come from perspectives that are biased by particular financial or political agendas. I can’t tell you for sure what the â€Å"right† answer is, but I can present the explanations and discuss their merits. This will help you gain a better understanding of how many factors may affect these dramatic cost increases. Explanation #1: Public Funding for Education Has Been Slashed This explanation may be the one most endorsed by schools themselves, and it’s likely to be the one you hear if you ask admissions officers or tour guides about the issue at any pricey institution. It’s not that costs have gone up - costs have just been shifted to students as schools have to make up deficits left by slashed state or federal funding. But is it true that the government has stalled or cut funding for post-secondary institutions? Well, not necessarily. Overall, government funding for higher education (i.e. college) has increased a lot faster than government spending in general. Although there are hiccupswhen the economy is in bad shape - like during the Great Recession - funding, in general, seems to have increased significantly over past decades: State funding for higher education increased significantlybetween 1960-1980: 390%, to be precise (adjusted for inflation) This state funding reached an (inflation-adjusted) high record of $86.6 billion in 2009. It fell a bit due to the stock market downturn in 2008 but has since risen to $81 billion The federal Pell Grant program has grown (in 2015 dollars) from $10.3 billion in 2000 to $34.3 billion Budgets were cut after 2008 due to the Great Recession, but college costs were increasing way before that, and the stock market has since recovered. I think it’s safe to say that funding for post-secondary educations hasn’t been slashed overall, but that doesn’t mean that schools aren’t dealing with tight budgets. In fact, funding might be a big issue for schools if †¦ Explanation #2: More Students Are Attending College More students = less money to go around? Why would college costs go up if more students attend? Well, schools would have more to pay for. If they accept greater numbers of students, they have to pay for more food, more housing, more professors, more facilities. Even if the amount of public funding increases, schools might be scrambling to cover costs if the funding amount per student decreases. Is this really what’s happening? Well, enrollment in postsecondary programs has increased by almost 50%since 1995 - there are definitely more students pursuing an education after high school.Again, though, we've seen this trend of increasing college costs way before 1995. Ultimately, I think it’s a bit of a stretch to say that an increase in enrollment has forced schools to raise their prices: First, no school is required to accept a greater number of students than it’s comfortable with. If they thought that bigger cohorts weren’t financially feasible, why would they take on more students? Second, adding students to a graduating class doesn’t do much to increase a school’s fixed costs (unless they were adding a very large number of students). Even if a school does spend more money to accommodate larger numbers of students, they also have more students paying to attend the school - this would, presumably, help to cover extra expenses. Let’s entertain the idea that schools may be paying more to take on large numbers of students. One budget item that may account for college cost increases... Explanation #3: More Pay for Professors With an increasingly global market comes global competition for academic positions (and competition when it comes to attracting students). Top experts in particular fields move all around the world to take jobs at universities who are willing to pay for them. Schools also haveto compete with the private sector when it comes to salaries. Because the private sector tends to be pretty lucrative, schools must compensate coveted experts very well for the work they do. Paying top dollar for professors could account (at least in part) for this increase in college expenses. So are schools actually paying more for their professors? There are undoubtedly some rockstar professors that make a ton of money at top universities. Overall, though, it looks like the average prof isn’t exactly raking in the dough - salariesaren’t much higher now than they were in the 1970s. Butif schools have to pay to employ larger numbers of professors, perhaps this could contribute to rising costs, right? In reality, though, schools now tend to employ way more part-time, lower-paid instructors (like graduate students and adjunct professors) than well-paid tenured professors. It looks like this explanation can’t fully account for the decades-long spike in costs. Explanation #4:Colleges Acting More Like Businesses A business’s primary focus - or at least one of them - is to maximizethe amount of money it makes. Even if a college is designated as a nonprofit, it’s still going to be incredibly concerned with its budget and revenue. A big portion of its revenue comes from what students pay to attend. Generally, people are willing to pay more for experiences or services that are more comfortable or enjoyable. Some people argue that colleges have caught on to this, and compete for applicants and students by offering and marketing â€Å"better† experiences - better food, better housing, nicer facilities, more interesting clubs and activities. Others suggest that schools raise prices just to appear more prestigiousto applicants. Is this really the case? Well, over the past few decades, there have been large increases in average administrationandstudent servicesbudgets at both private and public schools. Admin positions at colleges and universities grew by 60%between 1993 and 2009, which was much faster than the rate of growth for tenured faculty positions. Finally, high-ranking admin officers tend to make pretty cushy salaries. Overall, it seems that these sales- and marketing-related expenses (in the form of growing admin and student services budgets) could account for some of the decades-long cost increase. The next logical question, though, would be why students and parents would be willing and able to deal with ever-expensive college costs. Perhaps there’s something else at play here†¦ Explanation #5: More Public Funding Available for Schools Could more money be leading to an increase in costs? If colleges acted like businesses, they would charge whatever amount students were willing to pay in order to get a degree. If students are willing (and able) to pay more for college, then colleges would raise their costs. Some people argue that by increasing public funding for student financial aid, the government is increasing students’ willingness to pay - more financial aid money means more flexibility and freedom when it comes to choosing a college. A greater willingness to pay leads to an increase in cost from colleges and universities. Is more financial aid leading to these ballooning college expenses? It’s hard to say, mostly because we can only see the relationships between these two factors (what's known ascorrelation) and not necessarily whether one is causing the other. But here’s what we do know: For every extra dollar made available to students in the form of government financial aid, there’s an increase in average college tuition of about 65 cents For-profit colleges (like Capella, DeVry, and the University of Phoenix)are more explicit about the fact that they are run as businesses, and as such, focus on increasing profits. Publicly traded for-profit schools do well on the stock market when the government increases financial aid funding,suggesting that investors believe more financial aid = more profit for schools. We can’t determine anything for certain, but it looks like there’s an important relationship between available financial aid and college costs. One education professorposited that â€Å"if students couldn’t get any money from the federal government, tuition [fees] would probably go down, but it’s hard to say how much.† Increased financial aid is meant to make college more affordable, but in a system where schools (even nonprofit schools) are motivated to increase revenue, this funding may contribute to a disastrous feedback loop. What Do You Really Pay for School? The stuff we’ve discussed so far sounds pretty scary, to be honest. Who wants to worry about ballooning college costs and education affordability, when you want to just focus on getting into the schools you’re interested in? This is where I get to reassure you that all the numbers I’ve talked about so far may not be as meaningful as you think. All of these published costs - tuition, fees, room, board - come together to make up a school’s sticker price. This sticker price is what a student would pay without any financial aid or scholarship money, or without taking any serious cost-cutting measures. The number you should care about is your estimated Net Price, not Cost of Attendance. Your Net Price is the amount you pay after grants and scholarships. Average Net Prices for students are generally much lower than the figures published earlier in the article. Your Net Price will really depend on your financial situation and where you end up going to college, but average Net Prices are a good place to start if you're budgeting for school. The average Net Prices for 2015-2016 are: $14,120 for in-state students at public schools $26,400 for students at private schools You can do even better than these average figures, though- it’s pretty easy to calculate your own Net Price at a particular school! All you need to do is access its Net Price Calculator. Check out our complete guide to college costs for more info on using a Net Price calculator. How Do You Keep Costs Down and Save Cash? You have a lot of information to process so far, but this last section might be one of the most important ones! Since college is so expensive, you’ll want to take as many steps as possible to cut costs, especially if you’re on a budget. Just because college costs are rising doesn’t mean you have to pay full sticker price for a college education. These next tips will help you get as much money as possible for school. An effective (if impractical) way to cut your spending. Apply for Financial Aid As you may have guessed, financial aid is a huge part of keeping your college costs down. In order to get your hands on financial aid funds, make sure to submit a FAFSA accurately and by the deadline. The FAFSA is important because it's the application for all federal financial aid programs, including the Pell Grant, Direct loans, and Perkins loans. Schools also often use the FAFSA to determine aid eligibility. Apply forOutside Scholarships There are so many scholarships available based on so many different criteria, including academic merit, financial need, volunteer work, ethnicity, interests, and more. Awardscan range from $50 to hundreds of thousands of dollars. If you're interested in applying for scholarships, start by checking out our posts on top awards for juniors and seniors. Applyto In-State Public Schools In-state tuition is often much, much cheaper at public schools than tuition for non-residents. If you're interested in applying to public schools and want to lower your costs right off the bat, apply to schools in your state. Check out our article on college costs for more information on how much money you could save with this strategy. ApplytoSchools With Strong Financial Aid Programs Someschools have strong merit- and need-based financial aid programs. They award money to students independently of any awards given by the federal or state governments, which are all based on financial need. Although private schools tend to have pretty high sticker prices, highly-ranked schools with bigger endowments tend toaward generous financial aid packages to their students. Conversely, schools that are working to draw in more competitive applicants tend to give generous merit-based awards. To start learning about schools with great financial aid programs, check out this list of schools with the best financial aid. Cut Down on Living Expenses As you’ve seen, room board costs make up a big chunk of the total costs associated with going to college. Cutting down on these expenses can mean you pay a lot less money in the long run. There are a lot of ways do this. Ultimately, you should focus onchoosing economical meal plans and/or housing options, if available. You could also see if living at home is an option if you plan on going to school close to your parents. Get a Student Job A student job is a great way to gain professional, research, or business experience while also bringing in extra cash to coverexpenses. What's Next? You've made it to the end! No doubt you're itching to learn more about saving money in college, especially now that you know how much it can cost. You should start by learning all you can about financial aid. Our guide to applying for financial aid is a great introduction. To get more nitty gritty details about financial aid programs, read about the Pell Grant, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans. Next, learn about the types of schools that are most likely to give you a great deal. Read about schools that cover 100% financial need, and schools that have the best financial aid programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay Example

An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay Example An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay An Economic Overview Of South Korea Economics Essay Essay The Korean peninsula is located in the northeasterly portion of Asia. The southern half of the peninsula boundary lines on the east sea and the Yellow Sea. To the North, Korea portions its boundary line with China and Russia. Besides the mainland peninsula, Korea besides has approximately 3,000 islands. Japan ruled Korea from 1910 boulder clay 1945. Subsequently the peninsula was divided into two parts and this led to a cold war. After the Korean War ( 1950-1953 ) , Korea remained split into two parts- the Republic of Korea ( ROK ) and the Democratic People s Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) . A demilitarized zone was established with the US set uping a base with soldiers near to this zone in South Korea ( issd.org 2004 ) . The Republic of Korea ( ROK ) is ideally situated geographically in Asia. It is close to China, the new taking economic system in the universe. Japan is besides close-by and a good trading spouse. Furthermore, Singapore, a stable economic state is a close trade spouse and India, which is fast going the 2nd economic system in the universe is back uping the South Korean economic system. The Republic of Korea ( ROK ) authorities was officially established on August 15, 1948. The caput of province is the President. He is the state s representative in international personal businesss. When the President is absent, so the Prime Minister stands in for him and Acts of the Apostless as president. The premier Minister s function is that of executive helper to the President. An executive subdivision, of which the President is caput, consists of the premier Minister, the Cabinet, 15 executive ministries and 16 independent bureaus. This includes the Jeju Special Autonomous state ( issd.org 2004 ) . Society South Korea has a strong political system led by a president with a batch of power. Presidential elections are held every 5 old ages and the whole state ballot for him. The President elects his Prime Minister. The Legislature is elected every 4 old ages and consists of the National assembly.243 of the 299 seats of the national assembly is by voting. The remainder is appointed by political parties. The ROK has 9 states and 7 provincial- degree metropoliss. Koreans are of one cultural group and background. As at the terminal of 2002, the state s population stood at about 47,640,000. Now it stands at about 48,636,068 ( July 2010 est. ) Life anticipation as at 2001 was estimated at 76.5 old ages, and now in 2010 it is 79.8 old ages. The state is ranked at 12th in the Human Development Index, 2010.Gross National Income ( GNI ) per capita ( 2010 ) is $ 29,518 ( UNHDI 2010 ) . Literacy Rate: It is estimated that all over the age of 15 and over can read and compose. The literacy rate for the entire population stands at 97.9 % . For males it is 99.2 % and for females it is 96.6 % ( 2002 ) ( CIA Factbook 2010 ) . Environment The state has a entire surface country of 99,720 sq kilometer of which the land country is 96,920 sq kilometer. H2O country is about 2,800 sq kilometer and the seashore line is 2,413 kilometres ( CIA Factbook 2010 ) . The state s land mass is largely made up of mountains, turn overing hills and highlands. There are broad coastal fields to the West and the South. A negative consequence of the fast growth industrialisation and developing economic system every bit good as urbanisation has caused a batch of pollution to the environment. ( OECD/IEA 2003 ) .Fortunately the authorities has acknowledge this as a job and has introduced programs to clean the environment and protect it. Pollution of air and H2O every bit good as the environment are chief issues to turn to. Most of them are connected to wellness jobs. By the terminal of the 1980s the authorities launched an environmental policy to look at get the better ofing the jobs. The Korean Environmental bureau became a Ministry in 1990. The state started turn toing its jobs and started following and paying attending to international pacts in footings of pollution, such as the Kyoto-Protocol ( iisd.org 2004 ) . Climate: Korea is portion of the monsoon country in Asia. It has a temperate clime. There are four distinguishable seasons. Traveling air from Asia influences the conditions more than air from the Pacific ocean. Winters are long and cold with snow. In contrast, the summers are short, hot and humid. The Spring and Autumn seasons are nice but short. Average temperatures in Seoul in January is approximately -5C to 2.5C. IN July it is pleasant at about 22 25C. There is adequate rainfall in Korea to assist agribusiness. Rainfall is about neer less than 75cm and sometimes it goes every bit high as 100cm. Rainfall nevertheless can change and dry seasons or drouth can happen. Most rain falls between June and September. The state does non acquire typhoons like Japan. About 1 to 3 typhoons can go on yearly. These can convey heavy rain with deluging which can do tonss of harm and deceases. In 1984 such a typhoon and inundations caused deceases of about 190 people and left 200,000 people stateless ( Cou ntry Studies ) . Local Culture: South Koreans have traditions and cultural activities that span 1000s of old ages. However, there have been recent lifestyle alterations. These are as in other states mostly due to modernisation and a fast turning economic system. Tied to this are the higher incomes from occupations and this leads to consumerism. Lifestyle alterations and a higher younger population addition critical positions of old-style civilization and traditions. So there is a clang between younger people and older people in footings of civilization and traditions. Clothing is but one such factor. Manner, coming from Western states, has a singular influence on people. This leads to fashion-consciousness and Westernization. More money leads to more purchasing and shopping. Electronicss besides has a major influence on immature peoples lives. South Korea manufactures hi-tech merchandises and these are used widely, such as nomadic phones, computing machines and the cyberspace. Many people are taking occupations h armonizing to their aptitudes and abilities and non merely for the income. Higher incomes have made it possible for people to pass more clip and money on leisure activities. Leisure activity disbursement has increased from 10 % to 25 % of entire family disposable income. Despite this variegation of life style, many people still maintain a traditional life style whereby the household ideals are treasured. Besides, that the organisation is more of import than the person ( PWC 2005 ) . Buyer behaviour: As the economic system in South Korea developed and people became more employed, so demand for assorted merchandises increased. Consumer behaviour in the field of touristry is noteworthy. In 2009 Korean Air celebrated 40 old ages of being in service and the demand for abroad travel increased. Besides, the domestic market welcomed many tourers to Korea. Samsung developed hotels and Hyundai supplied autos to the auto rental market. Millions of Koreans travelled out of Korea and this figure was set to turn by approximately 8.6 % ( Au A ; Jung 2009 ) . The Korean people and consumers shortly became trade name and monetary value medium as in other booming economic systems. Peoples would shop as their incomes allow. The higher income groups would shop in up-market stores and countries, purchasing expensive branded merchandises. Lower income groups will still shop in lower-end section shops and markets. Even during the Korean economic slack in 1997- 1999. Buying merely slowed down, but did non halt. Even the recent universe economic crisis did non halt purchasing wholly, it merely slowed down. Consumer disbursement besides affects the South Korean furniture market which amounted to over US $ 5 billion in the twelvemonth 2009. It is a big market, when compared with the other 60 states monitored by CSIL. This market was executing good during the twelvemonth before the fiscal crisis. As for future tendencies, CSIL prognosiss are for a stable state of affairs for the twelvemonth 2010 and a moderate recovery for the twelvemonth 2011 and2012 ( CSIL Milano 2010 ) . ROK Economy: South Korea did non go a to the full developed state overnight ; it is still developing. It can be said that South Korea, though technically Less Economically developed, it is classified as a freshly industrialized state ( NIC ) . The sudden and rapid economic development and growing started at a rate and gait non seen since World War II. NIC states are those that have non reached the position of a developed state. However, it has outpaced other developing states. After WW II, South Korea was dependent on assistance from the US. In 1961 South Korea underwent an internal revolution. The states swayers embarked on a series of 5 twelvemonth programs to go self-supporting. The 5-year programs were devised to convey economic prosperity, wealth and political stableness. One end was to cut down importing of goods and instead bring forth locally. Another end was to export manufactured goods and so stimulate industrialisation. Development: The five-year programs 1962 -1966 a focal point on fabrics ; do South Korea self-sufficient 1967- 1971 move the province into production of heavy industry 1971 1976 Continue to switch the province in to heavy industry ( including Fe and steel ) 1977 1981 the development of industries ; the purpose is to vie on universe markets ( do electronics and autos ) 1982 -1986 -Goal to make high-technology merchandises 1987 -91 go oning on the ends of old 5-year programs 1992 1996 investigate and get down developing aerospace A ; micro technology. It was through the 5-year programs that South Korea changed from an developing state after WW II to an economic giant and a thriving economic system in the universe. At present it is home to a hi-tech and industrialised fabrication economic system. Its finished merchandises of high-end electronics and autos are exported all over the universe. The quality of its merchandises is high and sought after. Electronicss by LG and Samsung every bit good as autos by Hyundai and Kia are sold worldwide. It was merely possible to make so by holding a skilled work force. To achieve this state invested a batch of its GDP in instruction. The planetary economic downswing and recession affected Korea merely like other states. Despite this, Korea is in the favorable place that recovery is possible. This is the anticipation by the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . The anticipation is based on the state s economic footing. The anchor of Korea is its sound and developed industries which make merchandises that are renowned for its quality and technological promotions. Shipbuilding has made Korea the universe s leader in this field. Semiconductors and shows are besides extremely ranked. Today Korea has one of the fastest turning economic systems in the universe and the taking economic system in Asia ( korea.net 2010 ) . Korea which has a topographic point on the G20 states is expected to turn the 5th fastest of all the member states. It is predicted that if growing is sustained that it will travel up into 4th place in 2011. At a meeting in September 2010 held by the G20 Finance and Central Bank Deputies, the growing for Korea is estimated at 6.1 % for 2010. It is predicted that growing for 2011 will be about 4.5 % . China, its neighbor, is presently turning at 10.5 % , and India is following at 9.4 % . The strong fiscal militias of Korea and its fight in exports is assisting the state to come out of the economic downswing. The IMF and G20 states are impressed with Korea s ability to get the better of the economic recession whereas other states are fighting to make so ( C. Ji-Eon 2010 ) . The organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) ranks Korea foremost in footings of its member states. Datas by the OECD shows Korea s GDP rate growing to hold increased by 7.1 % compared with that of last twelvemonth. Korea shows the highest rate of the 17 OECD states who submitted informations. A strong point of Korea s economic system is its competitory power in footings of fabrication industries. This helped the economic system to retrieve. Besides, domestic ingestion every bit good as investing helped the economic system to retrieve. Korea is besides the lone state that has grown four consecutive quarters since the 3rd one-fourth last twelvemonth. Korea s economic growing in the 2nd one-fourth last twelvemonth was at minus 2.1 % , but increased by 1.1 % following one-fourth. In the 4th one-fourth last twelvemonth, growing was 6.1 % , while growing in the first one-fourth of this twelvemonth was 8.1 % and 7.1 % growing in the 2nd one-fourth. Meanwhile, German y reported the highest first one-fourth growing at 2.2 % in the first one-fourth compared with the first one-fourth of 2010, followed by Korea ( 1.5 % ) , Slovakia and Sweden ( 1.2 % ) , and The UK ( 1.1 % ) ( J. Seoyoung Choi ) . Korea is ranked eleventh among OECD states, demoing a excess of 1.28 billion dollars in its international balance of payments in 2010. This is harmonizing to OECD Quarterly National Accounts information released August 25, 2010.In this study 12 of the 32 OECD member states showed a excess in the first one-fourth of 2010. Japan showed the largest excess, with 50.2 billion dollars, followed by Germany with 39.7 billion, Switzerland with 20.6 billion, Norway with 14.7 billion, and the Netherlands with 12.5 billion dollars. Korea placed 11th, following Austria ( 1.48 billion dollars ) and Chile ( 1.3 billion dollars ) .A In contrast with this, the US showed a shortage of $ 109 billion followed by Spain with $ 23.4 billion and Italy with $ 19.4 billion in the first Quarter. Korea showed a shortage of $ 7.5 billion in the 3rd One-fourth of 2008, nevertheless, the state rebounded and showed excesss for 6 consecutive Living quarterss since so ( J. Seoyoung Choi 2010 ) . Korea and the G20 in 2010: Korea played host in November 2010 to the leaders of the G20 states in Seoul. They met to discourse the universe economic indexs as states come out of the fiscal crisis. The chief purpose was to see how to stabilise economic systems, travel frontward and seek and excite growing. For Korea, an emerging economic system and state, this was something to be proud of. At last it has earned a topographic point among former taking economic systems. Other organic structures present were the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , the World Bank every bit good as the Financial Stability Board. This meeting of the G20 represented more than 85 % of the universe economic system. Past G20 determinations were once more revisted and the meeting pledged to co-operate to and to reform international fiscal organisations to side-step a repetition of the present planetary fiscal convulsion. State Evaluation: ROK has proven that it has a strong, turning economic system. It has a high literacy rate and tonss of skilled workers. It has proven to fabricate many merchandises, such as electronics and autos of high quality. South Korea is a prima state of all new emerging economic systems and is extremely rated by the OECD, IMF, G20, G8 and other international organic structures and organisations. The state has developed quickly despite the fiscal crisis in Asia in the late 1980s -1990s. Now it has tremendous hard currency militias and is turning quickly in the economic field. While other economic systems are seeking to acquire out of the planetary recession, Korea is traveling in front at a speedy gait. SWOT Analysis: South Korea Strengths Great industries Strong, turning economic system Strong trading spouses Member of G20 High literacy rate Skilled workers Biggest shipwright in universe Failings Weather: inundations ; drouth Cutback of purchasing by states Environmental harm: industries Far from merchandising spouses: Europe Opportunities New trading spouses: exports Local consumers Leader in engineering Menaces Political differences with North Korea Other fabricating states: China Loss of trading spouses FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS: SOUTH KOREA The Korean Government announced in October 2010 that Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) in the state has slowed down and the Numberss have dropped by 13.1 % in the 3rd One-fourth compared to a twelvemonth ago. The chief grounds given are a stronger currency ( Kwon ) and a slow recovery of the planetary investing market. The sum as FDI is US $ 2.93 billion in July-September. Last twelvemonth at the same clip the figure stood at $ 3.37 billion. The cumulative DI for the first 9 months came to $ 7.26 billion which was down by 9.4 % of the sum in 2009.The currency ( WON ) stood at 1,164.4 to $ 1 US from January- September 2010, compared to 1,314.9 WON in 2009. Although this is a negative for Korea, other states are every bit affected due to the planetary economic recession. China is one of Korea s best FDI counries. The FDI from the US, Japan and European Union, former strong FDI s dropped by about 41.1 % due to the economic crisis in the mentioned states. However, Japan remains one of th e largest FDI states, holding invested more than $ 1 billion in 2010, although this is down by 42.7 % compared to the Nipponese FDI of 2009. IN contrast, the Chinese FDI stood at 127.2 % up for 2010, with $ 330 million investings. In-between eastern Countries FDI went up to 390 % at $ 167 million ( YonHapNews 2010 ) . A A A A A A Following are facts and figures up to 2006 of FDI by Korea to India ; it is interesting to compare this with the above influx of FDI into Korea. FDI SYNOPSIS ON SOUTH KOREA ( as on 30.06.2006 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dipp.nic.in/korea/fdi_synopsis_korea.pdf FDI inflows A ; blessings: oˆ‚?iˆ Accumulative FDI influxs ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) during 1991-2006 ( up to June ) is US $ 40.63 billion, including sum of acquisition of bing portions ( upto 1999 ) , RBIs-NRI Schemes, stock swapped A ; progress pending for issue of portions. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea ranks 9th A ; Cumulative FDI inflows ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) from South Korea is US $ 0.76 billion ( 2.07 % ) , excepting FDI influxs received for acquisition of bing portions ( upto 1999 ) , RBIs-NRI Schemes, stock swapped A ; progress pending for issue of portions. oˆ‚?iˆ Total FDI blessings ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) during the last 15 old ages are over US $ 70.33 billion. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea ranks 5th A ; histories for approximately 3.78 % with FDI blessings ( cyberspace of ADRs/GDRs ) of US $ 2.67 billion of the entire investing blessings. Top Sectors attracted FDI Inflows A ; blessings: oˆ‚?iˆ Top sectors pulling FDI blessings ( from August 1991 to June 2006 ) from South Korea are Transportation Industry ( 38.17 % ) , Fuels ( power A ; oil refinery ) ( 32.46 % ) , Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 10.62 % ) , Chemicals ( other than fertiliser ) ( 6.07 % ) and Commercial, Office A ; House-hold Equipments ( 3.94 % ) . oˆ‚?iˆ Top sectors pulling FDI influxs ( from January 2000 to June 2006 ) from South Korea are Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 41.49 % ) , Metallurgical Industries ( 26.13 % ) , Food Processing Industries ( 9.81 % ) , Transportation Industry ( 6.69 % ) A ; Industrial Machinery ( 1.69 % ) . Technical coactions: oˆ‚?iˆ Total ( overall ) proficient coactions during the last 15 old ages ( Nos. ) 7,792. oˆ‚?iˆ South Korea has been granted 228 proficient coactions ( 2.93 % of the sum ) since, 1991. oˆ‚?iˆ Top five sectors pulling engineering transportation from South Korea are Transportation Industry ( 55 nos. ) , Electrical Equipments ( including computing machine package A ; electronics ) ( 48 nos. ) , Chemicals ( other than fertiliser ) ( 19 nos. ) , Misc. Mechanical Engg. Industries ( 14 nos. ) A ; Metallurgical Industries ( 13 nos. ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fdi.net/country/images/korea.jpg ROK A ; the UAE The UAE is traveling in front to construct atomic reactor workss to bring forth electricity. South Korea has won the contract to construct the atomic workss here in the UAE. The Korean engineering every bit good as their expertness secured the contracts and the building will shortly get down.